New records of helminth parasites of nine species of waterfowl in Mexico, and a checklist of the helminth fauna of Anatidae occurring in Mexican wetlands.

Wild and domestic populations of waterfowl garner economic benefits, as they are hunted for human consumption or as a recreational activity. Waterfowl migrate to their wintering grounds in Mexican wetlands where habitat conditions are more favourable. In this study, we present a list of helminth species sampled from the gastrointestinal tract of 59 wild birds belonging to the family Anatidae in three localities of Mexico, and a checklist of the helminth parasite fauna of the members of the family in the whole country, built from literature records. After helminthological examination, 25 taxa were identified: eight trematodes; four cestodes; 12 nematodes; and one acanthocephalan. Obtained records dated from 1943 to 2019. Our literature search yielded 563 records corresponding to 95 parasite taxa: 38 trematodes, 24 cestodes, 23 nematodes and ten acanthocephalans. In Mexico, 17 anatid species have been studied for helminths. Records correspond to 55 locations from 20 Mexican states. An insight gained from the collated literature and recent records was that trematodes represent the most diverse parasite group in anatids in Mexico. We briefly discuss that the information about helminths parasitizing waterfowl will be useful for understanding the effect of habitat loss and pollution of wetlands where migratory birds spend the breeding season, for addressing ecological programs aimed to guarantee the health and conservation of North American migratory birds or the effect of bird migration in the composition of the helminth parasite communities, and for freshwater biologists interested in the understanding of freshwater ecosystem health.

[Infrapectineal plate for repair with minimal invasion of quadrilateral blade acetabular fractures: description new implant and paramedial access]. / Placa infrapectínea para reparación con mínima invasión de fracturas de lámina cuadrilátera acetabular: descripción de un nuevo implante y acceso paramedial.

INTRODUCTION: Quadrilateral plate fractures are the most difficult to reduce and fix. Different techniques have been developed for quadrilateral plate osteosynthesis. The objective of this work was to create an implant and a novel approach to simplify and improve acetabular fracture osteosynthesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 83 patients were studied. Pelvic CT scan images of both acetabula were measured at the proximal and distal posterior column. Implant length, diameters and morphological characteristics were determined. The anatomical features of a novel surgical approach are described. The paramedian approach was performed on a cadaveric specimen to determine its anatomical safety. RESULTS: The screws measured 20 × 6 × 8 mm (length × core diameter x head diameter), with internal threads of 4.5 mm. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (Lilliefors) test was used, where p had to be 0.05. Plates were previously determined to be 10 mm wide and 3 mm thick, of variable length. Instruments were developed to surmount difficulties. DISCUSSION: This new procedure and implant could make the repair of acetabular fractures easier and offers several advantages. Clinical trials are needed to assess the benefits of this proposal. The newly described method can allow acetabular fracture osteosynthesis to be performed safely, avoid iatrogenic injury to anatomical structures and achieve better results.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las fracturas de la lámina cuadrilátera del acetábulo son las más difíciles de reducir y fijar. Se han desarrollado diferentes técnicas para la osteosíntesis de la lámina cuadrilátera. El objetivo de este trabajo fue crear implantes y un nuevo acceso quirúrgico para simplificar y mejorar la osteosíntesis de fracturas del acetábulo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Un total de 83 pacientes fueron estudiados mediante la tomografía axial computarizada de ambos acetábulos, siendo medidos a nivel de columna posterior alta y baja con el fin de determinar longitud y diámetro de los implantes, a través del análisis de normalidad de variables, dónde p es 0.05, usando la prueba Kolmogorov-Smirnov (Lilliefors). Las características anatómicas del nuevo acceso quirúrgico también se describen. La incisión se practicó en espécimen cadavérico para determinar la seguridad de todo el acceso. RESULTADOS: El par de tornillos macho-hembra midió 20 x 6 x 8 mm (longitud, diámetro interno y de la cabeza), mientras que las placas fueron de 10 mm de ancho y 3 mm de espesor, con longitud correspondiente al número de orificios. Se desarrollaron instrumentos apropiados para su aplicación. DISCUSIÓN: Este método puede facilitar la osteosíntesis del acetábulo. Se requieren estudios cadavéricos y clínicos para corroborarlo. Puede ser que se mejoren los resultados de osteosíntesis del acetábulo, con menor riesgo.

Placa infrapectínea para reparación con mínima invasión de fracturas de lámina cuadrilátera acetabular: descripción de un nuevo implante y acceso paramedial / Infrapectineal Plate for repair with minimal invasion of quadrilateral blade acetabular fractures: description new implant and paramedial access

Resumen: Introducción: Las fracturas de la lámina cuadrilátera del acetábulo son las más difíciles de reducir y fijar. Se han desarrollado diferentes técnicas para la osteosíntesis de la lámina cuadrilátera. El objetivo de este trabajo fue crear implantes y un nuevo acceso quirúrgico para simplificar y mejorar la osteosíntesis de fracturas del acetábulo. Material y métodos: Un total de 83 pacientes fueron estudiados mediante la tomografía axial computarizada de ambos acetábulos, siendo medidos a nivel de columna posterior alta y baja con el fin de determinar longitud y diámetro de los implantes, a través del análisis de normalidad de variables, dónde p es > 0.05, usando la prueba Kolmogorov-Smirnov (Lilliefors). Las características anatómicas del nuevo acceso quirúrgico también se describen. La incisión se practicó en espécimen cadavérico para determinar la seguridad de todo el acceso. Resultados: El par de tornillos macho-hembra midió 20 x 6 x 8 mm (longitud, diámetro interno y de la cabeza), mientras que las placas fueron de 10 mm de ancho y 3 mm de espesor, con longitud correspondiente al número de orificios. Se desarrollaron instrumentos apropiados para su aplicación. Discusión: Este método puede facilitar la osteosíntesis del acetábulo. Se requieren estudios cadavéricos y clínicos para corroborarlo. Puede ser que se mejoren los resultados de osteosíntesis del acetábulo, con menor riesgo.

Abstract: Introduction: Quadrilateral plate fractures are the most difficult to reduce and fix. Different techniques have been developed for quadrilateral plate osteosynthesis. The objective of this work was to create an implant and a novel approach to simplify and improve acetabular fracture osteosynthesis. Material and methods: A total of 83 patients were studied. Pelvic CT scan images of both acetabula were measured at the proximal and distal posterior column. Implant length, diameters and morphological characteristics were determined. The anatomical features of a novel surgical approach are described. The paramedian approach was performed on a cadaveric specimen to determine its anatomical safety. Results: The screws measured 20 × 6 × 8 mm (length × core diameter x head diameter), with internal threads of 4.5 mm. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (Lilliefors) test was used, where p had to be > 0.05. Plates were previously determined to be 10 mm wide and 3 mm thick, of variable length. Instruments were developed to surmount difficulties. Discussion: This new procedure and implant could make the repair of acetabular fractures easier and offers several advantages. Clinical trials are needed to assess the benefits of this proposal. The newly described method can allow acetabular fracture osteosynthesis to be performed safely, avoid iatrogenic injury to anatomical structures and achieve better results.